The Anunnaki, ancient beings of great power, are described in historical texts as having visited Earth approximately 450,000 years ago and genetically altered humans 200,000 years ago to act as laborers, influencing a multitude of cultures. According to ancient lore, particularly from Sumerian mythology, the Anunnaki were revered as deities from a distant realm who journeyed to Earth seeking valuable resources. In order to facilitate their objectives, they purportedly manipulated the genetic makeup of early humans, resulting in a hybrid species capable of performing arduous tasks.
This intervention is believed to have had a profound impact on the development of human societies, imprinting their presence in the cultural and historical tapestries of civilizations worldwide. The stories indicate that numerous ancient achievements in technology, agriculture, and governance may have stemmed from the guidance and teachings of the Anunnaki, highlighting their enduring influence on human civilization.
Among the gods named in some texts as members of the Anunnaki are Enlil, Ea (Enki), Ninhursa
The Anunnaki had several functions in Mesopotamian mythology. The Sumerian myth Enki and the World Order suggests that one of their main functions in early mythology was to decide the fates of human beings. They were initially associated with the heavens, but over time both literary and administrative texts reflected an increased role for the Anunnaki in earthly affairs. In the Babylonian creation epic, the Enuma elish, the chief Babylonian god Marduk has authority over some 600 Anunnaki gods. He directs 300 of these gods to reside in the heavens and 300 to reside on earth.
However, other texts seem to place the Anunnaki as gods of the underworld. This is the case in the Epic of Gilgamesh, in which the Anunnaki are described as judges of the dead. The idea is echoed by the Sumerian myth Descent of Inanna to the Underworld, in which the goddess Inanna crosses into the realm of the dead, seeking to overthrow her sister, the queen of the dead. The Anunnaki step forward to judge her for her audacity.
To date, archaeologists have not uncovered any indication that the Anunnaki were worshipped collectively. Rather, each of the gods had an individual cult, and different cities had temples dedicated to individual deities as a city patron.
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